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      保護建筑與景觀的結合——人行通道的景觀性改造第1張圖片

      Almadraba de Nueva Umbría景觀策略
      Almadraba de Nueva Umbría Landscape Interventions / sol89

      由專筑網小R編譯

      Real de la Almadraba建造于1929年,曾經人們在此捕撈金槍魚,很長一段時間之后這里便不再使用了,在2015年,它被列入西班牙保護遺產,這里是Flecha del Rompido自然保護區,分為了三個各不相同的區域,首先是由一系列建筑構成的住宅區,這里是曾經Almadraba工人們的居住場所,除此之外還有船員住宅,這是一座和其他部分有所不同的建筑,最后是一系列用于維修捕魚設施的場所,這里有著登岸碼頭、柴油機艙、煉油鍋爐、煙囪,以及焦油坑。

      Text description provided by the architects. Real de la Almadraba was built in 1929 and, once abandoned in the seventies after four centuries of being dedicated to the art of tuna fishing on the Huelva coast, it was declared BIC (Bien de Interés Cultural, a category of the heritage register in Spain) in 2015. It is located in the protected natural area of Flecha del Rompido, made up of three well-differentiated areas: a residential area formed by a series of buildings situated as a camp where the workers of the Almadraba used to live; the House of the Captain, a building of greater standing and somewhat removed from the rest of the complex; and the set of buildings that allowed the maintenance of fishing gear, made up of the jetty, the diesel cabin, the tar smelting boiler, its chimney, and the tar pit.

      保護建筑與景觀的結合——人行通道的景觀性改造第2張圖片

      項目的干預措施關注的是這些建筑,同時設計建造了一條全新的人行通道,它將Piedras河流的河口地區和大西洋連接在一起,項目改造分為兩個部分,首先是碼頭和柴油機艙,它們已經廢棄很久了,鍋爐、煙囪,以及焦油坑目前保護得良好,不過仍然需要適度的改造,碼頭由當地的石材建造而成,可以用于防洪,建筑師在Andalusia的其他場地中找到了這種類型的碼頭,其建造策略甚至能夠追溯到羅馬時期,由于河口的潮汐以及自然區域中的復雜環境,這給施工帶來了一定難度,因此建筑師應用了一系列貼近羅馬時期的技術來重建碼頭,首先從原有碼頭的痕跡中應用剩余部分作為基礎,然后再利用當地石材建造混凝土圍墻,同時也結合了瓷磚,應用了低潮時期的優勢。

      The intervention concerns these last buildings and is completed with a new pedestrian path that joins the two banks: the mouth of the Piedras River and the Atlantic Ocean. The reform is divided into two areas, the jetty and the diesel cabin, which was in a state of ruin with only its traces remaining, and the boiler, the chimney, and the tar pit, which were in a better state of conservation, although in need of a considerable intervention. The jetty was a floodable building built with local stones functioning as a dam. We can find this type of jetty in other trap sets in Andalusia, using a building method that dates back to Roman times. The challenging conditions of execution, due to the tides at the mouth of the river and the complex supply conditions in this natural area led us to rebuild the jetty with a technique close to the Roman manner: from the trace of the old jetty, using its remains as a foundation, a perimeter wall of cyclopean concrete was built with local grauwaca stone by means of tilings that took advantage of the low tide for its implementation.

      保護建筑與景觀的結合——人行通道的景觀性改造第3張圖片

      這些墻體通過玻璃纖維而得以加固,這樣能夠避免腐蝕,并且在上下兩個部分都有支撐,形成了一個能夠減緩河流水平推力的箱體,這種施工的形式也構成了一種建構品質,那便是分批澆筑混凝土,然后再壓碎,讓原有的石材裸露出來,并且形成分層的地質體量,這樣更加貼近這種類型的碼頭的發展起源,同時也更加能夠呼應保護建筑和河流邊緣,最后,組成橋墩道路的上部面層應用了現場制作的模具,模具上澆筑了混凝土,構成一定的圖案,而這個圖案母題也在人行道上重復出現,而人行道甚至能夠排出熔融的焦油。

      These walls, reinforced with fiberglass instead of steel to avoid corrosion problems, are braced by a lower and an upper screed, forming a caisson capable of absorbing the strong horizontal thrusts of the river current. This form of construction also provides a tectonic quality where the concrete, poured in batches and subsequently crushed, allows the native stone to emerge and form a stratified, almost geological volume, closer to the origin of this type of jetties and in accordance with the protected complex and the river edge. Finally, the upper layer that makes up the pavement of the pier is grooved by means of a mold executed in situ that, printed on the fresh concrete, generates a herringbone pattern, a motif that is repeated in the Real de la Almadraba on the pavements that were dedicated to the draining of the molten tar.

      保護建筑與景觀的結合——人行通道的景觀性改造第4張圖片

      保護建筑與景觀的結合——人行通道的景觀性改造第5張圖片

      保護建筑與景觀的結合——人行通道的景觀性改造第6張圖片

      保護建筑與景觀的結合——人行通道的景觀性改造第7張圖片

      另外,鍋爐、煙囪、焦油坑,以及排水管的改造應用了一定的標準,因為它們都是帶有一定缺陷的保護建筑,但是建筑師能夠猜測出曾經的施工技術和完成面做法。鍋爐部分由兩個烤爐和煙囪構成,它們統領了整個綜合體,人們可以通過樓梯來到這里,在樓梯的中性區域有著一個填充區域,可以讓焦油桶向上升,然后經過融化再運送到焦油坑中,在這里,捕魚工具懸掛在兩個柱子之間的繩子上,融化的焦油因此能夠向下沉。

      On the other hand, the reform of the boiler, chimney, tar pit, and drain, uses philological criteria as its starting point, thanks to the fact that its state of conservation, although deficient, allowed us to deduce the construction techniques and the finishes that had been presented in the past. The part of the boiler is accessed from the grooved pavement of the jetty. From this point, it is possible to understand the entire process of protecting the fishing gear with tar. The boiler is made up of two ovens and a chimney that presides over the complex and is reached by climbing up a staircase with a central area that presents a padded section that allowed the ascent of the barrels of tar, which was melted and passed to the tar pit where the fishing gear was hung from a clothesline between two pilasters that descended into the two pits of molten tar with a pulley, thus submerging the nets.

      保護建筑與景觀的結合——人行通道的景觀性改造第8張圖片

      最后漁網會被運送到排水棚晾干,多余的融化焦油通過開槽地面得以回收,修復工作應用了場地上的陶瓷,因此能夠大大減少新材料的應用需求,同時還保證了整個項目的完整性,除此之外,建筑師還應用了便于蒸發的石灰砂漿和硅酸鹽涂料,讓整個綜合體的外觀看起來和原有狀態相似,它們白色體量的精致形態來源于嚴格的功能構成,同時也更好地從周邊環境中脫穎而出。

      Finally, the nets went to the draining shed, where they were left to dry and the excess melted tar was recovered through the grooved floor, now imitated on the jetty. The restoration has been carried out by hauling ceramic pieces found on the site, thus reducing the need for input of material and guaranteeing the compatibility of its behavior, and with lime mortars and silicate paint that favor the transpiration and gives the whole complex an appearance that refers to its original state, where the white volumes, whose refined geometry came from their strictly functional use, stood out in the landscape.

      保護建筑與景觀的結合——人行通道的景觀性改造第9張圖片

      區域的第三個設計措施使得河岸兩側的連接更加便捷,由于這個自然保護區域的高度景觀價值,因此建筑師應用了一條木人行通道,該通道逐步延伸向灌木叢,其幾何形態來源于跨越大西洋的兩個沙丘,很好地避免了場地的改造,因為這會影響殘障人士的行動,在通道起始位置,人們直接從地面通行,這樣的做法大大地降低了成本。

      The third intervention in the area enables an accessible path between the two banks. The high landscape value of this protected natural area suggests carrying out a reversible installation by means of a wooden pedestrian path that gradually enters the thicket of broom and prickly pear shrubs. The geometry of this walkway results from crossing the two powerful dune ridges that precede the Atlantic Ocean, thus avoiding strong earth movements that would alter the existing landscape and excessive slopes that would prevent access for people with reduced mobility. The path begins with a platform directly resting on the ground to limit the cost.

      保護建筑與景觀的結合——人行通道的景觀性改造第10張圖片

      在需要通過一定高度來連接時,通道就會逐漸向上延伸,也給人們帶來了景觀視角,人行通道和欄桿的設計以常見的工業體系為基礎,不過原有的支撐方式經過了改造,欄桿的保護元素也經過加固,從而構成了一個較為抽象的元素,在削弱自身規模的前提下穿越景觀,同時這也有效地阻止了人們進入通道以外的自然區域,這樣能夠更好地保護當地的生物。

      該項目有著諸多保護景觀和建筑群,目的是恢復捕魚過程的工業含義,從而表達傳統捕魚藝術的民族遺產,而這些藝術則與Huelva海岸的景觀相互依存。

      It is gradually raised on stilts when it is necessary to reach greater height to bridge the continuous differences in elevation, offering impressive views. The design of the walkway and the railings is based on the usual industrial systems, although the brackets have been modified so that the protective elements of the railing are also fastening, resulting in a more abstract element that crosses the landscape without denoting its scale, while preventing the pedestrians from accessing the natural area outside the scope of the walkway, thus protecting the jonquil, thistle, lily, sea rocket, as well as the nesting of harriers, storks, and egrets.
      This project concerning a protected landscape and an architectural complex has tried to recover the industrial meaning of the trap fishing process, thus revealing the patrimonial and ethnological heritage of an ancient fishing art that coexisted in tune with the landscape of the Huelva coast.

      保護建筑與景觀的結合——人行通道的景觀性改造第11張圖片

      保護建筑與景觀的結合——人行通道的景觀性改造第12張圖片

      建筑設計:sol89
      類型:人行橋體 適應性再利用
      時間:2022年
      攝影:Fernando Alda
      主創建筑師:Maria González, Juanjo López de la Cruz
      合作方:Rosa Gallardo, Elena González, álvaro Valverde, Jaime Fernández
      結構設計:Enrique Vázquez
      開發商:Dirección General de Ordenación del Territorio, Urbanismo y Agenda Urbana. Consejería de Fomento, Articulación del Territorio y Vivienda - Junta de Andalucía
      施工方:Maralva. Construcciones y Obra civil. SL
      城市:El Rompido
      國家:西班牙

      PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE, ADAPTIVE REUSE
      EL ROMPIDO, SPAIN
      Architects: sol89
      Year: 2022
      Photographs: Fernando Alda
      A Lead Architects: Maria González, Juanjo López de la Cruz
      Collaborators: Rosa Gallardo, Elena González, álvaro Valverde, Jaime Fernández
      Structure: Enrique Vázquez
      Developer: Dirección General de Ordenación del Territorio, Urbanismo y Agenda Urbana. Consejería de Fomento, Articulación del Territorio y Vivienda - Junta de Andalucía
      Constructor: Maralva. Construcciones y Obra civil. SL
      City: El Rompido
      Country: Spain
              
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